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DateInterval::__construct

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

DateInterval::__constructYeni bir DateInterval nesnesi oluşturur

Açıklama

public DateInterval::__construct(string $duration)

Yeni bir DateInterval nesnesi oluşturur.

Bağımsız Değişkenler

duration

Dizge türünde zaman aralığı belirtimi.

Zaman aralığını (period) belirtmek için biçem P harfiyle başlar, ardından süreyi belirten bir tamsayı değer gelir. Süre zaman bileşenleri içeriyorsa bunların önüne T harfi getirilir.

duration Belirteçleri
Belirteç Açıklama
Y Yıl
M Ay
D Gün
W Hafta. Gün sayısına dönüştürülebilir. PHP 8.0.0 öncesinde, D harfiyle birlikte belirtilemiyordu.
H Saat
M Dakika
S saniye

Burada bazı basit örneklere yer verilmiştir. İki gün: P2D. İki saniye: PT2S. Altı yıl, 5 dakika: P6YT5M.

Bilginize:

Birimler belirtilirken en büyük ölçekli birim solda en küçük ölçekli birim sağda kalacak şekilde veri girilir. Dolayısıyla, örneğin, aylar yıllardan sonra, günlerden önce yer alır. Bur yıl dört gün P4D1Y değil P1Y4D olarak ifade edilir.

Belirtim bir tarih saat olarak da gösterilebilir. Örneğin, bir yıl dört gün P0001-00-04T00:00:00 olarak gösterilebilir. Fakat bu biçemde belirtilen değerler birime tanınan azami değeri aşmamalıdır (örneğin 25 saat geçersizdir).

Bu biçemler » ISO 8601 süre belirtimine dayanır.

Hatalar/İstisnalar

zaman_aralığı bir zaman aralığına çözümlenemediğinde DateMalformedIntervalStringException istisnası oluşur.

Sürüm Bilgisi

Sürüm: Açıklama
8.3.0 Exception yerine artık DateMalformedIntervalStringException istisnası oluşuyor.
8.2.0 Yalnızca y'den f'ye kadar özellikler ile invert ve days özelliklerine ek olarak yeni mantıksal from_string özelliği görünür olacaktır.
8.0.0 W artık D ile birlikte belirtilebiliyor.

Örnekler

Örnek 1 - DateInterval nesnelerinin oluşturulması ve kullanılması

<?php
// Belli bir tarih oluştur
$someDate = \DateTime::createFromFormat("Y-m-d H:i", "2022-08-25 14:18");

// Tarih aralığı oluştur
$interval = new \DateInterval("P7D");

// Tarih aralığını ekle
$someDate->add($interval);

// Tarih aralığını dizgeye dönüştür
echo $interval->format("%d");

Yukarıdaki örneğin çıktısı:


7

Örnek 2 - DateInterval örneği

<?php

$interval
= new DateInterval('P1W2D');
var_dump($interval);

?>

Yukarıdaki örneğin PHP 8.2 çıktısı:

object(DateInterval)#1 (10) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(9)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["from_string"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Yukarıdaki örneğin PHP 8 çıktısı:

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(9)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

Yukarıdaki örneğin PHP 7 çıktısı:

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(2)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

Ayrıca Bakınız

  • DateInterval::format() - Zaman aralığını biçimler
  • DateTime::add() - Modifies a DateTime object, with added amount of days, months, years, hours, minutes and seconds
  • DateTime::sub() - Subtracts an amount of days, months, years, hours, minutes and seconds from a DateTime object
  • DateTime::diff() - Returns the difference between two DateTime objects

add a note

User Contributed Notes 15 notes

up
104
owen at beliefs.com
10 years ago
M is used to indicate both months and minutes.

As noted on the referenced wikipedia page for ISO 6801 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso8601#Durations

To resolve ambiguity, "P1M" is a one-month duration and "PT1M" is a one-minute duration (note the time designator, T, that precedes the time value).

Using: PHP 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.19

// For 3 Months
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("P3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:26-0400
2013-10-11T11:12:26-0400

// For 3 Minutes
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("PT3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:42-0400
2013-07-11T11:15:42-0400

Insert a T after the P in the interval to add 3 minutes instead of 3 months.
up
10
Hernanibus
6 years ago
It is not stated, but you cannot create directly a negative interval, this is you cannot create a "-2 days" interval as:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P-2D");//or
$interval = new DateInterval("-P2D");
?>

Instead you have to create first the interval and then set its 'invert' property to 1, this is:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
?>

Then you should keep in mind that this interval acts as a negative number, hence to subtract the interval from a given date you must 'add' it:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
$date = new DateTime ("1978-01-23 17:46:00");
$date->add($interval)->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");//this is "1978-01-21 17:46:00"
?>
up
28
kuzb
13 years ago
It should be noted that this class will not calculate days/hours/minutes/seconds etc given a value in a single denomination of time. For example:

<?php
$di
= new DateInterval('PT3600S');
echo
$di->format('%H:%i:%s');

?>

will yield 0:0:3600 instead of the expected 1:0:0
up
20
buvinghausen at gmail dot com
11 years ago
I think it is easiest if you would just use the sub method on the DateTime class.

<?php
$date
= new DateTime();
$date->sub(new DateInterval("P89D"));
up
13
admin at torntech dot com
9 years ago
Warning - despite the $interval_spec accepting the ISO 8601 specification format, it does not accept decimal fraction values with period or comma as stated in the specification.

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831

<?php
/* Example from ISO 8601 documentation */
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y');
?>

Will result in
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'DateInterval::__construct(): Unknown or bad format (P0.5Y)'
up
10
kevinpeno at gmail dot com
13 years ago
Note that, while a DateInterval object has an $invert property, you cannot supply a negative directly to the constructor similar to specifying a negative in XSD ("-P1Y"). You will get an exception through if you do this.

Instead you need to construct using a positive interval ("P1Y") and the specify the $invert property === 1.
up
12
userexamplecom at mailinator dot com
8 years ago
Take care, if you have a DateTime Object on the 31h of January and add Da DateInterval of one Month, then you are in March instead of February.

For Example:
---
// given the actual date is 2017-01-31
$today = new DateTime('now', $timeZoneObject);
$today->add(new DateInterval('P1M'));
echo $today->format('m');
// output: 03
---
up
10
daniellehr at gmx dot de
12 years ago
Alternatively you can use DateInterval::createFromDateString() for negative intervals:

<?php
$date
= new DateTime();
$date->add(DateInterval::createFromDateString('-89 days'));
up
5
jawzx01 at gmail dot com
12 years ago
As previously mentioned, to do a negative DateInterval object, you'd code:

<?php
$date1
= new DateTime();
$eightynine_days_ago = new DateInterval( "P89D" );
$eightynine_days_ago->invert = 1; //Make it negative.
$date1->add( $eightynine_days_ago );
?>

and then $date1 is now 89 days in the past.
up
1
Anonymous
2 years ago
Note that to add time you must enter P even though the period is empty.

To add 1 hour :

<?php

$plusOneHour
= (new DateTime('now'))->add(new DateInterval("PT1H"));

var_dump($plusOneHour);

?>
up
1
sloanlance+php.net gmail com
6 years ago
⚠️ It's important to remember the warning about DateInterval given by "admin at torntech dot com" in an earlier comment (http://php.net/manual/en/dateinterval.construct.php#116750). To reiterate:

Some versions of PHP (e.g., 5.6.31) have a bug that disallows fractional parts in a ISO 8601 duration string given as the argument for the DateInterval constructor. That is, these examples will fail:

<?php
// 'P0.5Y' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y'); // Throws exception
?>

<?php
// 'PT585.829S' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('PT585.829S'); // Throws exception
?>

If this bug affects you, please go to the report for this bug in the PHP Bug Tracking System, and place a vote stating that it affects you: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831
up
2
lsloan-php dot net at umich dot edu
8 years ago
Although PHP refers to periods of time as "intervals", ISO 8601 refers to them as "durations". In ISO 8601, "intervals" are something else.

While ISO 8601 allows fractions for all parts of a duration (e.g., "P0.5Y"), DateInterval does not. Use caution when calculating durations. If the duration has a fractional part, it may be lost when storing it in a DateInterval object.
up
0
Ray.Paseur sometimes uses Gmail
7 years ago
To recover the interval specification string:

<?php
function get_interval_spec(DateTime $alpha, DateTime $omega)
{
$intvl = $alpha->diff($omega);

$date = NULL;
if (
$intvl->y) $date .= $intvl->y . 'Y';
if (
$intvl->m) $date .= $intvl->m . 'M';
if (
$intvl->d) $date .= $intvl->d . 'D';

$time = NULL;
if (
$intvl->h) $time .= $intvl->h . 'H';
if (
$intvl->i) $time .= $intvl->i . 'M';
if (
$intvl->s) $time .= $intvl->s . 'S';
if (
$time) $time = 'T' . $time;

$text ='P' . $date . $time;
if (
$text == 'P') return 'PT0S';
return
$text;
}
up
-1
grzeniufication
3 years ago
If you'd like to persist an interval object in a DB it could be handy to implement the __toString() method. A formatted interval value can be easier to read by a human than the output of serialize. Here's an example:

<?php

namespace App;

class
DateInterval extends \DateInterval
{
public function
__toString()
{
return
$this->format('P%yY%mM%dDT%hH%iM%sS');
}
}

$interval1 = new DateInterval('P1Y');
$interval2 = new DateInterval(strval($interval1));
assert($interval1 == $interval2);
up
-17
bkilinc at deyta dot net
10 years ago
interval_spec Period Designators, has two 'M's for months and minutes.
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