do-while
On the combination problem again...
It seems to me like it would make more sense to go through systematically. That would take nested for loops, where each number was put through all of it's potentials sequentially.
The following would give you all of the potential combinations of a four-digit decimal combination, printed in a comma delimited format:
<?php
for($a=0;$a<10;$a++){
for($b=0;$b<10;$b++){
for($c=0;$c<10;$c++){
for($d=0;$d<10;$d++){
echo $a.$b.$c.$d.", ";
}
}
}
}
?>
Of course, if you know that the numbers you had used were in a smaller subset, you could just plunk your possible numbers into arrays $a, $b, $c, and $d and then do nested foreach loops as above.
- Elizabeth
for
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
Los bucles for son los más complejos en PHP. Se comportan como sus homólogos en C. La sintaxis de un bucle for es:
for (expr1; expr2; expr3)
sentencia
La primera expresión (expr1) es evaluada (ejecutada) una vez incondicionalmente al comienzo del bucle.
En el comienzo de cada iteración,
se evalúa expr2. Si se evalúa como
TRUE, el bucle continúa y se ejecutan la/sy
sentencia/s anidada/s. Si se evalúa como
FALSE, finaliza la ejecución del bucle.
Al final de cada iteración, se evalúa (ejecuta) expr3.
Cada una de las expresiones puede estar vacía o contener múltiples
expresiones separadas por comas. En expr2, todas
las expresiones separadas por una coma son evaluadas, pero el resultado se toma
de la última parte.
Que expr2 esté vacía significa que el bucle debería
ser corrido indefinidamente (PHP implícitamente lo considera como
TRUE, como en C). Esto puede no ser tan inútil como se
pudiera pensar, ya que muchas veces se debe terminar el bucle usando
una sentencia condicional break
en lugar de utilizar la expresión verdadera del
for.
Considere los siguientes ejemplos. Todos ellos muestran los números del 1 al 10:
<?php
/* ejemplo 1 */
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
echo $i;
}
/* ejemplo 2 */
for ($i = 1; ; $i++) {
if ($i > 10) {
break;
}
echo $i;
}
/* ejemplo 3 */
$i = 1;
for (; ; ) {
if ($i > 10) {
break;
}
echo $i;
$i++;
}
/* ejemplo 4 */
for ($i = 1, $j = 0; $i <= 10; $j += $i, print $i, $i++);
?>
Por supuesto, el primer ejemplo parece ser el mejor (o quizás el cuarto), pero se puede observar que la posibilidad de usar expresiones vacías en los bucles for resulta útil en muchas ocasiones.
PHP también admite la sintaxis alternativa de los dos puntos para bucles for.
for (expr1; expr2; expr3):
sentencia
...
endfor;
Es una cosa común a muchos usuarios iterar por medio de arrays como en el siguiente ejemplo.
<?php
/*
* Este es un array con algunos datos que se quieren modificar
* cuando se recorra el bucle for.
*/
$people = array(
array('name' => 'Kalle', 'salt' => 856412),
array('name' => 'Pierre', 'salt' => 215863)
);
for($i = 0; $i < count($people); ++$i) {
$people[$i]['salt'] = mt_rand(000000, 999999);
}
?>
El código anterior puede ser lento, debido a que el tamaño del array se capta en cada iteración. Dado que el tamaño nunca cambia, el bucle ser fácilmente optimizado mediante el uso de una variable intermedia para almacenar el tamaño en lugar de llamar repetidamente a count():
<?php
$people = array(
array('name' => 'Kalle', 'salt' => 856412),
array('name' => 'Pierre', 'salt' => 215863)
);
for($i = 0, $size = count($people); $i < $size; ++$i) {
$people[$i]['salt'] = mt_rand(000000, 999999);
}
?>
add a note
User Contributed Notes
for - [11 notes]
lishevita at yahoo dot co (notcom) .uk ¶
6 years ago
JustinB at harvest dot org ¶
7 years ago
For those who are having issues with needing to evaluate multiple items in expression two, please note that it cannot be chained like expressions one and three can. Although many have stated this fact, most have not stated that there is still a way to do this:
<?php
for($i = 0, $x = $nums['x_val'], $n = 15; ($i < 23 && $number != 24); $i++, $x + 5;) {
// Do Something with All Those Fun Numbers
}
?>
user at host dot com ¶
9 years ago
Also acceptable:
<?php
for($letter = ord('a'); $letter <= ord('z'); $letter++)
print chr($letter);
?>
kanirockz at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
Here is another simple example for " for loops"
<?php
$text="Welcome to PHP";
$searchchar="e";
$count="0"; //zero
for($i="0"; $i<strlen($text); $i=$i+1){
if(substr($text,$i,1)==$searchchar){
$count=$count+1;
}
}
echo $count
?>
this will be count how many "e" characters in that text (Welcome to PHP)
eduardofleury at uol dot com dot br ¶
5 years ago
<?php
//this is a different way to use the 'for'
//Essa é uma maneira diferente de usar o 'for'
for($i = $x = $z = 1; $i <= 10;$i++,$x+=2,$z=&$p){
$p = $i + $x;
print "\$i = $i , \$x = $x , \$z = $z <br />";
}
?>
nzamani at cyberworldz dot de ¶
11 years ago
The point about the speed in loops is, that the middle and the last expression are executed EVERY time it loops.
So you should try to take everything that doesn't change out of the loop.
Often you use a function to check the maximum of times it should loop. Like here:
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i <= somewhat_calcMax(); $i++) {
somewhat_doSomethingWith($i);
}
?>
Faster would be:
<?php
$maxI = somewhat_calcMax();
for ($i = 0; $i <= $maxI; $i++) {
somewhat_doSomethingWith($i);
}
?>
And here a little trick:
<?php
$maxI = somewhat_calcMax();
for ($i = 0; $i <= $maxI; somewhat_doSomethingWith($i++)) ;
?>
The $i gets changed after the copy for the function (post-increment).
Philipp Trommler ¶
6 months ago
Note, that, because the first line is executed everytime, it is not only slow to put a function there, it can also lead to problems like:
<?php
$array = array(0 => "a", 1 => "b", 2 => "c", 3 => "d");
for($i = 0; $i < count($array); $i++){
echo $array[$i];
unset($array[$i]);
}
?>
This will only output the half of the elements, because the array is becoming shorter everytime the for-expression counts it.
bishop ¶
9 years ago
If you're already using the fastest algorithms you can find (on the order of O(1), O(n), or O(n log n)), and you're still worried about loop speed, unroll your loops using e.g., Duff's Device:
<?php
$n = $ITERATIONS % 8;
while ($n--) $val++;
$n = (int)($ITERATIONS / 8);
while ($n--) {
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
$val++;
}
?>
(This is a modified form of Duff's original device, because PHP doesn't understand the original's egregious syntax.)
That's algorithmically equivalent to the common form:
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i < $ITERATIONS; $i++) {
$val++;
}
?>
$val++ can be whatever operation you need to perform ITERATIONS number of times.
On my box, with no users, average run time across 100 samples with ITERATIONS = 10000000 (10 million) is:
Duff version: 7.9857 s
Obvious version: 27.608 s
matthiaz ¶
1 year ago
Looping through letters is possible. I'm amazed at how few people know that.
for($col = 'R'; $col != 'AD'; $col++) {
echo $col.' ';
}
returns: R S T U V W X Y Z AA AB AC
Take note that you can't use $col < 'AD'. It only works with !=
Very convenient when working with excel columns.
dkimbel13 at gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
Just a note on looping through an array using the for() loop.
with the array...
<?php $array = array("value1","value2","value3"); ?>
then...
<?php
for(reset($array),current($array),next($array){
echo("Element ".key($array)." contains ".current($array)."<br/>";
}
?>
is the equivalent of...
<?php
for($i=0;$i<count($array);$i++){
echo("Element $i contains $array[$i]<br/>");
}
?>
I don't know if there is any advantage, just thought I would mention it.
kanirockz at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
Here is another simple example for " for loops"
<?php
$text="Welcome to PHP";
$searchchar="e";
$count="0"; //zero
for($i="0"; $i<strlen($text); $i=$i+1){
if(substr($text,$i,1)==$searchchar){
$count=$count+1;
}
}
echo $count
?>
this will be count how many "e" characters in that text (Welcome to PHP)